1-1. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

(CPAP) Apply CPAP if ALL of the following conditions below are present and there are no contraindications:

1) The patient is awake and can cooperate with CPAP;

2) CPAP mask fits the patient;

3) The patient is able to maintain an open airway;

4) The patient exhibits two or more of the following:

a) RR > 20 breaths per minute.

b) O2 < 94% while on O2, or persistent dyspnea.

c) Accessory muscles are used during respiration.

d) Rales audible to auscultation are present.

5) If CPAP fails, — ET intubation, or BVM / BVM with SGA. Monitor O2 saturation and continuous waveform EtCO2, place on cardiac monitor, and establish IV access.